Study of the Variability of the Chemical Profile, and Biological Activity Approaches of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Essential Oil from Different Habitats of Uttarakhand, India

The objective of the current study was to evaluate altitudinal variability in chemical compounds, nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activity essential oils H. coronarium collected from four different habitats Tarai Kumaun region Uttarakhand. Essential were hydro-distilled rhizomes coronarium, their yield varied 0.05 0.25% (v/w). Based on GC-MS analysis, major compounds observed 1, 8-cineole (12.21–18.27%), coronarin E (10.20–14%), α-terpineol (5.32–10.13%), terpinen-4-ol (2.20–4.67%), α-pinene (4.90–8.77%), Z-caryophyllene (4.67–12.29%), linalool (1.96–4.62%). To visually observe variation oil composition profile oils, heat map clustering, Venn diagram, principal component analysis (PCA) performed. pesticidal properties, tested under laboratory conditions. Additionally, significant nematicidal demonstrated by against Meloidogyne incognita, good insecticidal Spodoptera litura, moderate herbicidal Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, effective Fusarium oxysporum Curvularia lunata investigation.